Saturday, December 10, 2016

Final Reflection

Yahaira Pelaez
English 21003
Final Reflection

           During the course of writing for the sciences, I learned that practice is fundamental for success and that the help of my fellow classmates with editing and discussing our work has helped me become a better writer. Professor Matyakubova assigned a couple of papers that were fundamental to enhance my writing. Some of the particular papers I felt were great, to improve my writing were, the research paper, Argumentative essay, Informative Report, Formal Letter of Introduction and the Professional Memorandum as well as journal entries. These writing assignments has  helped me to grow as a writer and also as an editor. Moreover, I believe I can use the formal letter of introduction and the professional memorandum in the future for my career or professional use.
     The first Assignment was a three to four paragraph journal entry that pretty much discussed what we learned in the articles we had to explore. It might sound easy since it was a short assignment but the challenging part of it was that it had to condense as much as possible only with important information and to write main point of the article in short and thoughtful sentences .
    The second assignment was to write about a professional Memorandum up to two paragraphs, which was to express your concern about a particular issue that is happening in your job and how to give suggestion on how to better the situation. This paper helped me a lot since I didn’t have a clue on how to address my superiors or anyone who can be potentially my promoting boss.
 The third one is a formal Letter of Introduction up to one page, which expresses your background and your academic interests and slightly your personal interests. This paper was one of my favorite writing assignments since I got to express what I been through and how those many experiences have helped me grow as a person and I also felt the need to connect with my audience to get my points crossed .
Fourthly, we had to write an argumentative essay which consisted in about five pages, this assignment helped us in argued issues that were close to our hearts and explained how each issue or topic can be more important than the other topic by using research and factual information to support the topic.
One of the last assignments was the informative report which was about the same length as the argumentative essay and was to help us enhance our writing by not putting our opinions in the essay and just be as informative as possible.
    Lastly, the Research Report was the most painful out of all of them ,which was a minimum of eight pages and it consisted on putting all of our knowledge from the previous essays using ethos , pathos as well as conducting a series of research from academic journals and numerous medical sites to complete this paper . Not only did we master our skills on revising paper but also learn how to use citations in the paper to support your research. With the help of my fellow classmates and my great patient professor I was able to complete this assignment successfully.
    Words can’t express how much I enjoyed this class and how much I feel that is going to help me with my writing skills for my future classes and for my future career as well. I also appreciate the great help of my wonderful professor who was there each step of the way .



Research Power Point Presentation

argumentative Essay

Yahaira Pelaez 
English 21003
Argumentive Essay 
Professor Nargiza Matyakubova
                                             Curiosity is better than Maturity.
    They are tiny, adorable, bald and chunky. Most of them drool on you when you carry them.  They put anything they see in their mouths to figure out what it is. They are the purest form of love and can make anyone smile,  will say words the wrong way and in the most humorous way just to try to imitate you as well, as learning how to communicate with their caregiver. Toddlers (Children from 2-3) are creative, curious and eager to learn about the world.  It’s proven that toddlers from 2 years to 3 years old can learn two to three languages at this stage of their lives       they can also learn the alphabet and shapes and colors as well as social skills.  An article by PBS parents shows that “Two-year-olds enjoy using their senses to explore the world, and can solve simple problems with the "trial and error" method. They will practice an activity many times to master it, and can complete short-term, concrete tasks. Their budding language skills and desire to learn prompt many "why," "what," and "how" questions. This year typically marks the beginning of pretend play, where two-year-olds experiment with familiar objects and situations to process their experiences.”  The need to learn and to expand their knowledge is something that can overcome any learning obstacle.
     Children from four to six are not unconsciously learning anymore and tend to distract themselves with other things that interest them.  They tend to know what’s really happening around them instead of seeing the world as a big fantasy and no longer have urgency of learning things that don’t interest them.
      It will be more beneficial if toddlers start learning school material at the age of two to three years old instead of four to six since its easier and fun for them to remember letters, colors and numbers. The educational system should really emphasize on early learning, therefore students can learn faster and have higher graduating rates with younger people that graduate faster and can start college sooner.  
Image result for toddlers learning the alphabet This image is from learning4kids.net which is a learning website for toddlers that helps them learn numbers and letters in a fun matter by using it like a game and it’s appropriate for their age.
     Jean Piaget (1896-1980) was a scientific researcher in child psychology who worked on a scientific study in children in 1921 while working at the Rousseau Institute in Geneva in Paris. There, he developed a theory which is the Cognitive – Developmental Theory which basically emphasizes on the development of children from birth to 24 months this theory goes into detail on how children progress . His Developmental Theory is based on six stages which go into depth on how babies discover the world .Stage one (birth to one month) is babies put a passive reflex to active use which is basically babies sucking on all kinds of objects such as clothes, pillows , blankets their own fingers etc . Stage two (1-4 months) is primary circulations which they pretty much try to coordinate movements together, coordinating the hand to the mouth, events that have to inside the body.  Stage three (4-8) months, making interesting events last .Example by kicking, multiple times so that she/he can hear the objects sound from the objects from her bassinet or crib basically thinking they have power over objects.  Stage five (8-12 months) overcoming obstacles to obtain objects, such as reaching for keys on top of a table by stretching out their hand or going around the table to find the easiest angle to grab the keys . Instead of acting regular she’s inventing something to grab the object instead of settling that it could be impossible. Stage five (12-18 months) doing different things, to see different outcomes, loudness of sounds depending on different heights, example, throwing a set of keys from different heights and seeing the difference of sound. Lastly, Stage six the most important one (18-24months) Use of symbols or representation Example, Using a match box and putting something shiny like a diamond or a sparkly rock inside and letting her figure out that she has to take it out on her own by opening the box  , The baby after trying to figure out that she can’t shake it she will eventually open her mouth and see that the connection of her opening her mouth can help her open the match box and help get the shiny object to play with . If toddler is starting to imitate and find connections between objects at this specific stage she/he is ready to find patterns and colors and connect words. All their discoveries have to be physical they are mini scientist that need to discover by touching and using their own way to find out about the world. The best way for them to learn early is by playing with molds of letters with bright colors and identifying how they sound and how they can make up words by the caregiver showing them what they can do if they connect them .
       In the Book Theories of Development by Professor William Crain he goes into detail on how this psychologist tested this theory and had very successful effects on kids learning language and the alphabet before four years old with normal kids as well as kids with mental retardation.
 From Montessori’s observations and descriptions, “The child language acquisition sounds very much like a kind of imprinting. At a certain critical time- from the first few months of life until 21/2 or 3 years children are innately prepared to absorb sounds, words, grammar from the environment. “ The child absorbs these impressions of incredible intensity and emotion; they must they must set in motion invisible fibers in the Childs body, fibers that start vibrating in the effort to reproduce those sounds (p.24) . This particular sensitivity for language comes into play during the first 3 years or so, and then is gone.  Parents, tend to not know much about their toddlers development and tend to lack the practices of learning language and writing at home instead wait until they go to school and leave the kid to learn as much as possible from school instead of when is recommended and typically when the kid is interested. Sincerely, I believe kids should learn from their parents other than educational models because they have an emotional attachment to them and can learn easier and faster and have fun while doing so .
      Often, Day cares and schools complain about the lack of social skills and language skills students have from pre- scholars to kindergarten students, they see how kids suffer by not communicating amongst each other as well as trying to grasp their teaching material because they are still focus on the first word their teacher said and looking at the beautiful colors around the classroom to wanting to just play with their electronics. In a article by Science Daily researchers found that kids that are in Pre –K can be socially withdrawn due to the lack of attention their parents or care givers give them as well as the education they give them at home. “The results showed that children showing signs of social withdrawal in kindergarten were more prone to parental impacts later on in school than others.” – Science Daily this is due to the lack of attention their parents are giving them a child doesn’t only need affection but also education as well as socializing for their future. Parents nowadays tend to use an iPad as a new baby blanket instead of a teddy bear or blocks to enhance their Childs motor skills and developmental skills . they are so busy trying to live their life and finding a way to make more money for their family that force the tablet upon their kids as a learning tool which messes up their Childs natural way of learning which is by exploring and touching learning materials. Schools as well are implementing technology instead of the old fashioned word puzzles, coloring books and molds to enhance better learning which worsens the children’s ability to learn since most kids are already not knowledge of grammar and language.
      As a parent of a baby girl of two years and a half I enforce learning at home by making fake scenarios where she tells me the colors that she’s coloring my” princess dress” which is a white t-shirt to counting the stair steps we take to go on the train everyday . So far, she uses complete sentences knows the sounds of animals since I have drawn animals with her and made the sounds they make to colors as well as some letters and the number from 1-15. Thus, I have accomplished a lot with my toddler not only did I thought her some stuff as well as bonding with her through learning.


http://media1.picsearch.com/is?Elh_pYBiR7dZp7igJwwstoPvfpV9Xiy9VTzkhjVo3rA&height=336www.parentingpress.com
This websites helps and educate parents on common problems toddlers have as well as some helpful tips on how to raise your child in a friendly environment.






   








Formal Letter of Introduction

122832 Southern Blvd., Bronx NY 10458 09-05-2016 Ms. Matyakubova T-Mobile 55th and 3rd Avenue Dear Ms. Matyakubova I would like to start this letter by thanking you for taking the time to read this amongst the number of other letters you must shift through. My name is Yahaira Pelaez a hard worker, ambitious women and most importantly a loving mother. For everything I do it carries a purpose, to better the lives of the people I care about. Something I learned early in life is that if you want something you have to work hard at it. It shouldn’t matter what you are doing, it has to be done with the upmost amount of professionalism that you can muster. When working at my current occupation this moral stance is what allowed me to move up within the company. I share these morals with my coworkers to inspire them to want more. Perhaps it’s my experience as a mother that makes me want to help the people around me as if they are my foster children. This is what makes me feel like a strong leader, someone that can care about the people around them but also be strict enough to get the job done. I consider myself a well-grounded person; I’ve been through enough trying life experiences that would send most people over the edge. One of them was when I witnessed my mother almost take her life away in front of my eyes. At this point in my life we had to switch roles; I was her caretaker. It was a difficult time that has hardened me since I was nine. It’s something I hope no one ever has to go through and I carry myself in a manner that will never put my daughter’s life in a similar situation. I care about the impression that I leave behind for my friends and family, to do this I want to complete school so I can chance these dreams and make them proud. One thing I’ve always been proud of is the balance I have been able to create between school, work and being a mother. Without having this focus I would get completely lost in the chaos of my life; but I feel like it just makes me a stronger individual. My aspirations are to be the best psychologist I can be, I want to help out as many patients that are troubled and help them live a better life. I plan to work in a mental institution and help children with depression and family issues. One of my biggest goals is to be a role model for my daughter and make her an independent young woman with a career she can be proud of. It’s my hopes that through this letter you can get a read of the hard worker I am. Once again I would like to thank you for taking the time to read this, and it’s a pleasure for me show you a little bit of myself today; have a fantastic day. Sincerely Yahaira Pelaez CCNY Student Psychology Pelaezyahaira14@gmail.com 646-577-5151

Final research paper

Yahaira Pelaez Professor Matyakubova English 21003 Depression And Genetics Depression is something that many people even today still don’t have a clear understanding of. Where does it come from?How do you get it? And most of all how do you cure it?Depression is handled differently from person to person and no one person reacts the same way to each type of treatment. At least 10% of people go through major depression .Some individuals see it as condition a person can simply overcome by remaining positive, or they think of people struggling to keep up with different pills to balance the chemicals in their heads like a scale at a meat market.Depression is commonly confused with sadness; however the two are different .Sadness is a fleeting emotion that can easily rolled of you like water on a duck’s back. Depression, on the other hand, has a lasting effect on the person.And today, luckily professionals today believe it can be passed down genetically through a person’s family tree. Prior to new breakthroughs in technology it was believed that a person only went through depression if their brain was creating an imbalance of chemicals, throwing the brain off and affecting a person’s mood. (Harvard Health Publication) (June 2009) Researchers today believe this isn’t all it takes .Based on a person’s genetic background; they may be more susceptible to certain events affecting them mentally more than others. For example, if two people are going through a difficult situation such as being laid off work, both will react differently. One might be able to dust them off and find a new job relatively quickly, whereas the other might fall into depression and change their mood drastically. It helps us have a better understanding of ourselves; it allows us to understand how to make healthy decisions for our body based on the history of our families. It helps to create educated guesses on future off spring, if you are susceptible to hereditary diseases and what you can do to avoid it from happening to you. These are known as mutations (since they aren’t normal for “most” people to have). Mutations can be passed down through generations of children in the same family causing this defect to have the potential of being passed into a new family tree., by having a better understanding of this we can hopefully one day learn how to rewrite the genetic makeup of a person and remove these mutations from someone’s DNA. Human genetics are the Rosetta stone to a person’s DNA; how they act their likes and dislike all play a part of the genes that are passed down from their parents. It also affects people in different ways; some might experience it early in their lives as paranoia and anxiety which are precursors to depression. Depression is currently being studied through people’s family trees and history with it. With this new research, it might be able to diagnose a person earlier in their life before depression begins to affect their day to day. Uncovering how genetics work in relation to depression will help doctors discover different means to a cure or stronger treatment. Early medicine and treatments used to think that being depressed was the result of evil spirits or demons taking grip of a person’s mind, leading them onto a path of an unhappy life. Ironically enough people can still view it as a mythical way of thinking. If I think I’m unhappy I will be unhappy. Today we know that at least 6.7% of people in America suffer from depression (The journal of clinical Psychiatry, 60(7) (July 1999). It might seem like a small number but that is about 15 million people over the age of 18. Those afflicted by depression can experience sudden mood swings, restlessness or feeling unmotivated and even suicide. About 15% of people who are clinically treated for depression commit suicide. Depression without a doubt is a dangerous disease that takes millions of lives every year all over the world, some that are not even document or seeking treatment for depression. Many people in life go through a Midlife crisis. A midlife crisis can accrue anywhere from ages 37-50. It is the result of an identity crisis and conflict of age; people who go through this sometimes try to make drastic changes in their lives. Some decisions a person might decide can be drastic, such as quitting a job getting a divorce or moving out of their place of residence. (webmed.com) . These events can be insightful to some, but some struggle with overcoming these events which then lead into depression. When this happens, an individual can go through a ton of changes, from lack of sleep to feelings of guilt and worthlessness due to past actions growing up, in some extreme cases thoughts of suicide. However midlife crises are a relatively new and have only started to be mentioned in the early 80s particularly with middle aged men. The concept of a midlife crisis can very much is drawn up to depression. Many people reach a point in their lives where they reevaluate their life. This is where the study of how genetically a person family mental health can play a point in when or what might trigger this event. All these factors can lead to chronic depression . Actor, Robin Williams, suffered from a disease known as LBD (Lewy body’s disease). This disease causes people to experience dementia that can gradually worsen over time. One of the major factors of this is changes and moods and swings of depression. LBD can be hereditary but it is rare, however it is normally a result of another disease called Gaucher’s disease which roughly 1.4 million individuals face) Robin William) (Huffington Post) 2016 It’s very possible that Mr. Williams family had some form of LBD and didn’t know it. Since medical research wasn’t what it is today it is very possible that this hereditary disease was misdiagnosed in his families’ early years and could have been better treated if doctors had a better understanding of it in the past. Even Monkeys, the closest animal relative to man suffers from depression. An animal that shares our genetic ancestry can suffer from depression .These discovers alone show the importance of genetics on a person’s chances of getting major depression (PudMed) (2010 DOI 10.18632). In many ways, these animals can become depressed in the same mannerisms as a human. When monkeys are separated from their children have a change of environment or are put with more aggressive partners, these animals show signs of depression. They stop grooming themselves, they have a naturally slump posture, even at times refusing to eat. These animals will isolate themselves and shun themselves away from the rest of the group. A very common theme and sign of depression is isolation; many people find themselves separating from others while they quietly contemplate their situation or life-- confused as to the emotions that are going on in their heads. Discovery magazine With technology, we have today determining whether someone will suffer from depression can be as simple as looking up your family tree .It can also be determined by psychological questionnaires such as GHQ (General Health Questionnaire) (Schonfeld) which is a questionnaire which measures how your mental health is and how chronic your depression is by answering everyday questions. Example: how are you doing today? how capable are you of accomplishing your daily activities? Have you ever had to struggle to find the will to get out of bed in the morning? etc. Another one will be a Diary study which is done multiple times per day for 1 or 2 days to measure how well you are feeling and how good you can analyze yourself mentally without therapy (self-report) ( Prof .Schonfeld). These and other questionnaires and tests are done every day to thousands of patients all over the world. Most of the psychology findings show that depression factors in Genetics and its aroused by bad conditions at work, home, school and relationships with family or any significant other as well as media. Currently researchers are trying a new type of treatment which is known as Gene Therapy. There are three different approaches to this treatment; replacing a mutated gene with a healthy one, turning off the functionality of that gene or creating a new gene that will help fight off a preexisting one (Paul E . Greenberg Feb 25, 2015).With these kinds of treatments, we can essentially abolish a list of uncurbable diseases such as cancer or AIDS. By adding a gene that could fight off depression as easy and quickly as it takes to get a measles shot.With depression, sometimes the cells in a persona brain have a hard time communicating with each other. This leads to a person experiencing mood swings, by being able to change the structure of a damaged cell or replace it completely with a different one doctors will be able to prevent someone from ever going through such a state of mind. However,these treatments are still experimental and can cause a list of side effects on the individual. Symptoms that can accrue are things such as lowering your immune system causing things like fevers, chills, nausea, vomiting, and headaches. Being able to identify a defective gene and neutralizing it is extremely important. Scientists believe that PDE11A haplotype GAACC is a gene that can be a cause of major depression. If scientist can identify these mutations they can replace them with healthy Researchers believe that this is the gene that can cause it, they can create a new gene to fight off and protect preexisting ones from becoming defective. Every year America spends roughly $210 billion a year in researching different forms of depression and treatments (Paul E Greenberg, Feb 25, 2015 ). The US breaks these spending are into research and even making sure work places have programs to help people going through depressions in different aspects in their lives. Pharmaceutical industries would love to keep the idea of depression as a disease that can be treated with a simple pill, but this is a temporary fix. The other issue with this is because people who suffer from depression must take different amounts of pills to level themselves out they must create a schedule that can become complicated to understand. Some of these prescription drugs have side effects that require the patient to take a different type of pill to balance out the one fighting the symptoms of depression.With more studies into Gene therapy we can cut out all the pills that have to be taken on the hour and treat depression early, before it takes a grip on the person life. Understanding how to work with genetics will be essential to wipe out depression in a person. Knowing how much it affects a person and how it makes up who you are goes to show how important it is for us to create better treatments for different people. Gene therapy can then be used not only to help make someone feel better mentally but strength a generation. If we can begin to cure people and change how their body operates now humans will be able to force evolution and prevent future generations from going through things we face today. Years ago, common colds and other simple diseases use to kill people by the thousands, hopefully one day we can put depression into the same category as a spring fever. In the study “Shared Genetic Factors of Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in a Brazilian Family Based Cohort, the Baependi Heart Study shows that the possibly of having depression due to passed on genes is very high and that it also has to do with environmental factors where someone can feel more depressed due to seasonal changes as well as job stress and household problems. “ The national Comorbity Study in the Us estimated that depressive disorder has a lifetime prevalence of approximately 16% making it one of the most frequently diagnosed psychiatric disorders.(1) By 2020, major depressive disorder is projected to be the second leading cause of disability worldwide. (Tamara P. Taporoski et , al Dec 9, 2015). This is an impressive number knowing that the percentages keep growing with people having psychological disorders and that in four more years it can be one of the top disabilities , in my opinion people should be more alert with these percentages arising since depression can lead to suicide . Overall, this topic is dear and close to my heart since my mother suffer from chronic depression but I never got the chance to do extensive research about the topic or if depression is passed through Genes . The information that I found was very insightful since now I can bring more awareness to my family on my mother’s condition as well as being precautious to my behavior and the environment I will be exposing my daughter to. People should be more aware about depression and psychological diseases since these mental conditions can be critical and can cause divorces, Unemployment, disability and sadly deaths. Employers should have social support. Family members should go out there and contribute on their loved ones therapy or seek help to understand Depression and how to help them overcome it, it doesn’t only take medications the key is moral support. Work Cited Page: http://www.health.harvard.edu/mind-and-mood/what-causes-depression https://www.adaa.org/about-adaa/press-room/facts-statistics http://www.webmd.com/depression/features/midlife-crisis-opportunity#1 http://www.huffingtonpost.com/kuntal-joisher/from-robin-williams-to-my-father-understanding-lewy-body-dementia_b_6213452.html https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Nadezhda_Goncharova/publication/49630009_Aging_of_the_hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal_axis_in_nonhuman_primates_with_depression-like_and_aggressive_behavior/links/09e4151051c6e3c7bb0000 https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/therapy/genetherapy https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/mind-guest-blog/the-growing-economic-burden-of-depression-in-the-u-s/ Academic Journal record http://ccny-proxy1.libr.ccny.cuny.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=111475933&site=ehost-live record http://ccny-proxy1.libr.ccny.cuny.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=e000xna&AN=1092232&site=ehost-live

Thursday, December 1, 2016

Final Report For Informative Report

Yahaira Pelaez Professor Matyakubova Informative Report Work- Family Conflict. Often you find a lot of people stressed out or overly exhausted due to working and taking care of their family and household. Most of the time they either feel like they should dedicate themselves to the house more than work, or visa versa . Mostly parents feel some type of guilt where they feel that their main concentration should be their home and their children . Some people might think that people with kids have the most stress due to having the extra responsibility of being a caregiver . Imagine yourself changing to different roles as some people might called it wearing different hats . From waking up in the morning and wearing the first hat, of being a student . At noon wearing the hat of an employee of some large company that wants nothing but the absolute best from you and does not respect or care about your outside life . Finally, the last hat which will be a mother , a wife and a daughter . Despite all the stress and ups and down you had throughout the day, you have to hide all of your exhaustion , frustration , and emotions and just become the compassionate and loving mother you know to be at home for your daughter . Understanding and catering wife to your husband . Loving daughter to your mother as you often listen to your mothers aches and complains about how her day went and how hard it is to be a senior . There has been research done in multiple countries on how work can affect your outside life and your relationship with your family . Most of the results are that work can lead to stress, frustration and exhaustion resulting in absence in family activities and sometimes divorce . Missing out on your kids school and daily activities , but most importantly missing out on the parent role . Upon my research on Work Family Conflict I found a particular research that compares the levels of stress, a temporary employee faces and a long term employee and how it can affect their family's relationship . By using surveys and charts to prove their findings . The following research article states " Overall, these findings indicate that long-term temporary work may bring with it negative consequences at three levels: increased job exhaustion at the level of occupational well-being, increased turnover intentions at the level of motivation and less WFE at the level of the work–family interface. The detrimental effects of temporary employment, or other forms of career discontinuity, on occupational health and motivation have attracted considerable research attention (Benavides et al., 2000; Kompier et al., 2009; Sirviö et al., 2012; Virtanen et al., 2001; Waenerlund et al., 2011; Wagenaar et al., 2012a, 2012b). In contrast, the negative effects of temporary employment on experiences in the family domain have been shown earlier in just one cross-sectional study (Scherer, 2009). A major difference between the earlier studies in the field of temporary employment research and our study is that we concentrated on the prospective (over-time) effects of longer-lasting temporary employment (at minimum 3 years). Our longitudinal results largely support the view that the negative effects associated with temporary employment may not disappear: they are more likely instead to persist and also to intensify. Hence, temporary employment is a risk factor, particularly in the long run. It is also noteworthy that our long-term temporary employees, compared to their permanent counterparts, also more often reported feelings of job insecurity and economic stress. These stressors, in turn, may serve to maintain or even strengthen the negative health effects of long-term temporary work (see Sirviö et al., 2012; Waenerlund et al., 2011). * The prospective effects of work-family conflict and enrichment on job exhaustion and turnover intentions: comparing long-term temporary vs. permanent workers across three waves . By Saija Mauno ,Nele De Cuyper, Ulla Kinnunnen , Mervi Ruokolainen, Johanna Rantanen and Anne Makikangas. *Work & Stress 2015 Vol. 29,No.1,75-94, http:// dx.doi.org/10.1080/02678373.2014.1003997. This part of the article basically emphasizes the fact that having a job plays a major role on having stress , and permanently affecting people's health causing anxiety and having trouble on playing their roles , affecting matrimonies and economical distresses for those who only have a temporary job and are afraid to lose their only source of income , which factors in more stress and conflict in their household . Having a job can always have economical benefits and create a good source of security for the household but it can lead to the separation of your family since most of the time parents and head of household find themselves spending more time at work and spending more time with their co-workers than with their kids or significant others . Most of large companies don't have any paid time off for their employees to spend time with their significant others. Some companies, also don't allow their employees to have a flexible schedule and refuse to give them time off for them to spend it with their families on holidays or special events . This is a huge issue amongst middle class families , since they have no other choice but to keep working for those companies . Another major conflict is for single mothers with sick children most of these mothers have to leave their kids with sitters while at work because they have no other choice but to go to work while their kids are sick . Companies that are large franchises don't have any workers rights and don't have any paid sick time or any vacations , they usually force their employees to work regardless of what their situation is at home . In this particular research they found a lot of single mothers suffering from anxiety and having a lot of work family conflict due companies not having rights for their employees . Often you find a lot of employees go out of their way to impress their employers and exhaust themselves in their jobs in order to stand out and get promoted quicker . Some even get burnt out and result with high stress and even end up with anxiety , depression or some with cardiovascular disease . The more money they can make in less time the better for their family even if that means giving up family time and part of their lives . Workers , often don't get rewarded as they should for their hard work and tend to suffer from self esteem issue that tends to affect their lives and their social life . The study “ The measurement of effort –reward imbalance at work : European comparisons by Johannesburg Siegrista* Dagmar Starke* Tarani Chandola, Isabelle Godin Michael Marmot , Isabelle Niedhammer , Richard Peter shows the psychological effects on workers that put in everything they have to get promoted or just to satisfy their boss and feel proud of what they achieve and how not having rewards or any compensation can affect their lives . Part of the article and research states “ * Feelings of not being appreciated in an adequate way or of being treated unfairly and disappointments resulting from inappropriate rewards are paralleled by sustained strain reactions in the automatic nervous system. This is due to the recurrent experience of reward deficiency in a core social role impairs successful self –regulation (Siegrist, 2000. Thus , in the long run , the imbalance between between high effort and low reward at work increases illness susceptibility as a result of continued strain reactions . This part of the article shows evidence based on research held in European countries : Belgium ,France , Germany ,Sweden and UK . Using coordinated data such as data collection , statistics , and analysis as well as surveys . Employers should compensate . Not necessarily with extra money but with a certificate or a nice meeting to reward and applaud their accomplishments , which helps boost up self esteem as well as making workers happier . The conflict between work and family can be a big stress factor , people can loose their identity , family , love ones and even their jobs due to the lack of consideration of employers who should understand that sometimes they need to be more flexible with their employees so they can have a happier and healthier job experience . Bibliography : (1)temporary vs. permanent workers across three waves . By Saija Mauno ,Nele De Cuyper, Ulla Kinnunnen , Mervi Ruokolainen, Johanna Rantanen and Anne Makikangas. *Work & Stress 2015 Vol. 29,No.1,75-94, http:// dx.doi.org/10.1080/02678373.2014.1003997. (2) Social Science & Medicine : “ The measurement of effort –reward imbalance at work : European comparisons by Johannesburg Siegrista* Dagmar Starke* Tarani Chandola, Isabelle Godin Michael Marmot , Isabelle Niedhammer , Richard Peter. (3) work Family Conflict Among Parents of Atypically Developing Children : Exploring the impact of worker , work , and child factors . Brown Theresa . Source : Journal of child & family Studies . Jul2014 , Vol 23 issue 5, p584 -862 9p . 5 charts .

Journal Entry # 2

Yahaira Pelaez Professor Matyakubova English 21003 Journal Entry # 2 Journal Entry #2 Carl Sagan’s “Why We Need to understand Science” discusses how science can be of significant importance and how it can be on our daily lives. He also brings up the issue that many Americans today view science as something more complicated such as chemistry or astronomy or physics when it’s more than that. Many Americans are deprived on learning about science, instead of learning hands on they just use text books and materials that won’t help them remember science on its full effect. In general, many other countries such as Japan and Hong Kong help their students understand science in its full effect; they teach their students to understand science by taking them to environments that involve nature and help them learn science by performing hand on experiments instead of text books. I believe that hand on experiences can help you remember more, thus Americans should use these practices.